Terror: Indigenous attacks, cold, hunger, disease, even cannibalism among the English

Panic in the first European settlers of North America, the difficulty of survival, failure of the Spanish and English for different reasons. The truth emerges through found remains.

The first Spanish settlement in America fails.

The first English settlement triumphs but with cannibalism.

Spain already in the year 1526 with the expedition of Ayllón, explores Delaware and the East coast and ends up settling in Georgia, in the place that it considers the most suitable. However, of the 600 Spaniards, only 150 survive, give up staying in San Miguel de Gualdape and return to the Island of Hispaniola to Santo Domingo. The Spanish would return in 1565, and they would get it (San Agustín)

England in 1609, Jamestown has 300 English settlers, last winter only 60 people remain. They have done everything to survive, even Cannibalism. The recently found remains of the 14-year-old girl prove it. They tore it to pieces and fed on it.

The first population in North America (U.S) was Spanish

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/skeleton-of-teenage-girl-confirms-cannibalism-at-jamestown-colony/2013/05/01/5af5b474-b1dc-11e2-9a98-4be1688d7d84_story.html

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Louisiana´s Governor  al later Virey of New Spain, he drove the English out of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River.

• It’s easy to forget that when the revolution began, Spain controlled almost all of the land west of the Mississippi, and they remained an aging but powerful player in American colonization.
• Not only did the Spanish provide monetary and logistic support to the fledgling United States, they provided invaluable military action in Florida.
• The Gulf Coast Campaign and its leader, Bernardo Vicente de Gálvez y Madrid, deserve to be remembered.

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On his coat of arms, “I only”, Gálvez

The life of Bernardo de Galvez can be used to make adventure stories, but based on real events

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I Alone; Bernado Gálvez’s American Revolution

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Daniel Boone also swore allegiance to the King of Spain

Daniel Boone hunter and explorer in Spanish Louissiana

Living in Spanish Louisiana

The mythical explorer of the 13 colonies, he was not only in Kentucky. He ended his days in the present territories of the State of Missouri, near St. Louis.

The one known as Louisiana Superior Espanola welcomed him. He enjoyed the peace that Spain had created by making a Peace Treaty with the indigenous people of the area.

He crossed the Mississippi River and ended up living in Spanish Louisiana

• He was appointed Chief of the militia of his territory.
• He served as a Judge to mediate in possible disputes.

U.S: Daniel Boone al servicio de España y de su Rey

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Texas in the Revolutionary War

The Texan cowboys already existed and they moved cattle to feed the army that fought against the English.

If the English army had not been defeated and thousands of prisoners taken in the Gulf of Mexico, all those troops would have been reinforcement in the Battle of Yorktown.

During the entire war, roughly 1,659 pesos were donated to the United States from among the Texas population.
These finances helped pay for the sailors and provisions in French Admiral de Grasse’s fleet that was pivotal in effecting the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781.

Additionally, the Texans who donated money to the independence movement and served in Galvez’s army aided the North American rebels directly.
For these reasons, Texans should be commemorated for their contributions to the establishment of the United States of America.
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Texas and the American Revolution

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George Washington’s Victorious Christmas (1781)

Washington and the Spanish

George Washington in 1781, his happiest and saddest Christmas was spent among Spaniards.

After the victory of Yorktown, the war was ended. George Washington’s Christmas, after Yorktown
George Washington’s Christmas vacation at the home of Spaniard Francisco Rendón.
As the representative of Spain in the 13 colonies, Francisco Rendón invited George Washington and his wife Martha to spend a vacation during Christmas and the end of the year, at his property in Philadelphia.

The two already knew each other, Rendón was previously the Secretary of the Representative of Spain, someone whom George Washington considered his friend, Juan de Miralles.

When George Washington had problems he always went to the Spanish. And these always solved most of his problems. And above all the fundamental the pay of their soldiers, their uniforms, their weapons, preventing the British from being reinforced and preventing them from supplies etc.
In decisive moments, Spain was always by her side, from the Battle of Saratoga to the final Battle of Yorktown.
Both could remember that December 31, 1778, (3 years earlier). when Miralles organized the first dinner in honor of General Washington taking advantage of his stay in Philadelphia.
Miralles had arrived in Philadelphia with the best letter of introduction. He was backed by tangible facts in favor of Spain’s support for the North American patriots. Months before, one of the shipments organized by Diego de Gardoquí, directed to the Continental Army, had arrived at the port of New Orleans.
Spain’s support for the North American revolution was undeniable. Only 2 months earlier, the US Army had collected in New Orleans a donation consisting of:

9000 rods of blue cloth, 18000 rods of red woolen cloth, 1600 rods of white cloth and almost 3000 rods of white cloth from Alcoy in Spain

Which meant that almost all of the clothing for George Washington’s army uniforms came practically from that area of ​​Alicante, Spain, as well as other Spanish shipments consisting of dozens of boxes and barrels of medicine, gunpowder and rifles.

Its origin had to be a secret that it was necessary to keep up appearances with Great Britain until Madrid decided to officially join the war.

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George Washington welcomes Yorktown victory

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A Washington Christmas with sad memories of Miralles

A victory among George Washington’s personal losses. A memory to family and friends who helped him so much until he defeated the British army in Yorktown

His friend Luis de Miralles was always by his side

He was soon able to show his support for George Washington and the 13 colonies. On a visit to the headquarters of the Continental Army he was able to see the bad situation in which he found himself. Faced with the difficulties that the Washington army was going through, he of supplies and debts with his soldiers, with delays in unpaid payments.

Miralles backed them with his own fortune and with that of some merchants in Havana, he paid loans, so that the Washington army could receive payment from him. He also manufactures supplies with his ships from Cuba, including lemon, to prevent scurvy among the already undernourished mainland troops.

Three years later, the Washington couple spent the last days of 1781 as guests of Francisco Rendón, his secretary. Francisco had everything prepared to entertain George and Martha Washington, because by wishes of the King of Spain he wanted to free them both from domestic concerns, for a time.
It was an attempt to alleviate the recent loss of the general’s son, if he were more bearable. His son lost his life from a fever he contracted in Yorktown. Although the discreet Christmas dinner was at Morris’s house, the rest of the remaining days of the year would be spent at Francisco Rendón’s house.

Death of Juan de Miralles

Despite being housed in his own home in Washington and receiving the best care from his doctors and George’s wife, Martha, he died in just over a week.
Interestingly, George Washington’s death in 1799 has parallels with the death of his friend by Juan de Miralles. They both died when they were 67, and at Washington’s home, Miralles in Morristown and George in Mount Vernon.

He was cared for by the Washington doctors and cared for by his wife Martha of his. Apparently for having

George Washington welcomes Yorktown victory

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As a result of this Spanish exploration, maps were made that would be used in the subsequent preparation of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

The first expedition

It was the first expedition and carried out already in the year 1795, 10 years before. Most of the journey of Lewis and Clark’s trip to the Pacific, had the collaboration and Spanish maps. The U.S Expedition was based on these maps. More than 2/3 of the route was done with the help of maps made by the Spanish

The Spanish explored the area

The information that was collected and the data were reflected in maps that were of great help to the later Lewis and Clark expedition based on the previous Spanish expeditions.

Lewis and Clark, took the experience and the maps made by other Spanish expeditions. The Spanish Manuel Lisa collaborated for 2 years in its previous preparation.

Until 1803 Louisiana was a territory controlled by Spain. As early as 1795, a Spanish expedition visited most of the Missouri River route, reaching North Dakota. This expedition drew maps of the Missouri later used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

They made accurate maps

The Spanish expedition led by Evans, drew such precise maps that the later Lewis and Clark expedition could only complete it with minor tributaries.

Tour the states of Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana

The Rio Missouri river that was not explored in detail by the Spanish until the year 1795. But with this exploration they laid the foundations and provided information about the Indian tribes. These maps would allow the Lewis and Clark expedition to continue exploration to the Pacific.

Manuel Lisa explorer and merchant

A born entrepreneur, this Spaniard had already been born in St. Louis, Missouri. His knowledge of the area was essential. He supported the Lewis and Clark expedition, and advised them during the two years of its preparation.

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Heading to the Pacific (U.S), Hispanics to the Missouri – Lewis and Clark

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The note of the Ladies of Havana (Cuba)

George Washington’s army was crumbling. Lack of supplies and massive desertions. In addition, the French army reported that it only had supplies for 30 more days. and it needs reinforcements.

Washington’s own son died in Yorktown as a result of illness. Living conditions were getting worse. The bankruptcy of George’s army and the lack of resources of the French heralded the worst, there would be no battle at Yorktown.

The Triumph of Ladies’ Money

The money that the Ladies of Havana sent thanks to their collection, 1,000,000 pesos, saved the situation. George Washington literally jumped in the air, waving his hat when he received the news of the arrival of the money from Cuba.

Neither the entire French fleet would have gone to the Chesapeake, nor would General Rochembeau’s soldiers have received his salary, and supplies, nor would George Washington’s army have had that many soldiers.

The Battle of Yorktown could not take place without the money that came from Cuba.

The note of the ladies of Havana

“We send this money so that the children of American mothers are not born slaves”

John Trumbull’s words describe the situation well

“The gold and silver from Havana enabled US troops to trap Lord Cornwallis and his army, shown here surrendering at Yorktown after a 21-day siege”

But behind this fact the plan of Spain to help the 13 colonies was hidden, without direct action. Spain prepared the strategy for the English army to be defeated

Cuban aid to U.S (13 English colonies)

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Painting of the English surrender marching the American and French army

The collection of the Cuban Ladies that saved the U.S

“We send this money so that the children of American mothers are not born slaves”

The note of the Ladies of Havana

“The 1,000,000 pounds that the Ladies of Havana (Cuba) gave to the French, to pay the troops, can be considered the Foundation on which the Independence of the United States of North America was built”

(Stephen Bonsal, American historian)

All this enormous amount of money that left Cuba was accompanied by a simple note. The arrival of this money at Yorktown changed the course of battle and war.

The note from the Ladies that got George Washington excited

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